|
Duque de Caxias ((:ˈduki dʒi kaˈʃiɐʃ), ''Duke of Caxias'') is a city in southeast Brazil in Rio de Janeiro, bordered by Rio de Janeiro (city) to the south. Its population was 873,921 (2013) and its area is 465 km², making it the second most populous suburb of Rio de Janeiro city〔IBGE – ()〕 Its current Mayor is ''Alexandre Cardoso''. The city is the third most populous in Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area. It is named after Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias, who was born there in 1803. The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Duque de Caxias. Its important industries are chemicals and oil refining. Duque de Caxias Futebol Clube is the local football team of the city. The club plays their home matches at Estádio Romário de Souza Faria, which has a maximum capacity of 10,000 people. Estádio De Los Larios, located in the district of Xerém, has a maximum capacity of 11,000 people and it is the home ground of Esporte Clube Tigres do Brasil. ==History== The population of the region date from the sixteenth century, when they were donated Sesmarias Capitania of Rio de Janeiro. In 1568, Brás Cubas, provider of Finance and Real captaincies of São Vicente and Santo Amaro received in donation from Sesmarias, 3,000 fathoms of land from the sea and tested to 9,000 fathoms of land from the river bottom to Meriti, or more properly "Miriti," cutting the piaçabal the village Jacotinga. Outro dos agraciados foi Cristóvão Monteiro que recebeu terras às margens do rio Iguaçu. A business opportunity that the occupation of the site was the cultivation of sugar cane. The corn, beans and rice have become also important auxiliaries during this period. In the XVII and XVIII, the administrative division of Iguaçu (Iguassu in archaic spelling, now municipality of Nova Iguaçu) followed church criteria, i.e. the Church took the legal and religious responsibility, managing the secondary chapels: the parishes. Thus, Pilar, Merit, and Star jacutinga, areas that currently occupy the territory of Duque de Caxias, belonged to Iguaçu. The region has become an important point of transition of wealth from the inside: the gold of Minas Gerais, discovered at the farm crisis of sugar, coffee and the Vale do Paraíba Fluminense, which represented approximately 70% of the Brazilian economy in season. As the land in ways few, precarious and dangerous, nothing more natural that the transport was done by the rivers, where they exist. The rivers abound in the region, and integrated with the Guanabara Bay, the site was a point of union between it and the ways which rose the mountain toward the interior. The Port of Star was the most important of this period in March. On his return, a camp that grew in the nineteenth century was transformed into city. Despite the decline of mining, the region has remained as a point of rest and supply tropeiros, as a place of transit and transhipment of goods. Until the nineteenth century, progress was remarkable place. Meanwhile, the ruthless destruction of forests has, as a result, the obstruction of rivers and consequent overflow, which favored the formation of swamps. And polluted water stops transmitting mosquitoes emerged from terrible fevers. Many fled the place that, practically, it was uninhabitable. Before the land healthy and fertile, the vegetation cover is typical of mangroves. In 1850, the situation was a real disaster, because the epidemic emerged, thanks to the ingenuity of the safest places to flee. The properties have been abandoned. The situation was of great shortage and would remain so for some decades yet. With the introduction of rail transport, the situation worsened considerably. The railroad D. Pedro II called the capital of the Empire to the present city of Burns. The production of the Paraíba Valley is now sold in this way, the rivers and inland gradually ceased to be used and the river ports have lost importance. The region iguassuana enter into frank decay. With the abolition of slavery in 1888, there were several changes in social and economic life of the Baixada Fluminense. The sewerage works were abandoned, there was a delay in the conditions for health and various diseases have emerged. Among them, malaria and Chagas disease. In the government of Nilo Peçanha, Meriti had a modest improvement in the area of sanitation, which, even with the arrival of water in 1916, in the current Square Pacifier. But only in the government of Getúlio Vargas, who created the Commission on Reorganization of the Baixada Fluminense, the region advanced. By 1945, more than six thousand miles of rivers were clean, their beds removing 45 million cubic meters of earth. In this work, the rivers are no longer breeding of mosquito, decreasing in much the number of diseases in the region. When the railroad reached the valley of Meriti, the region began to suffer the effects of urban sprawl of the city of Rio de Janeiro. With the inauguration of The Northern Railway Rio de Janeiro on 23 April 1886, the region was definitely linked to the former Federal District, with the opening of new stations in 1911, the Estrada de Ferro Leopoldina by multiplying the travel and as the number of passengers in Gramacho, St. Benedict, Actura (Champs Elysees), spring and Saracuruna. However, despite recovery of the railroad that brought the Baixada still suffering with lack of sanitation, the tightness factor of its progress. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the land of Baixada used to alleviate the demographic pressures of the city of Rio de Janeiro, the statistics show that in 1910, the population was eight hundred people in Meriti, moving in 1920 to 2920. The rapid population growth caused the fractionation and blending of the old farms at that time, unproductive. Only in 1924 set up the first power network in the municipality. With the opening of the Rio-Petrópolis (now Washington Luís highway) in 1928, Meriti again thrive. Many companies bought land and have settled in the region due to proximity to the Rio de Janeiro. The process of emancipation of the city was related to the formation of a group that organized the "People Caxiense Union (UPC): journalists, doctors and local politicians. In 1940, the committee was set up pro-empowerment: Sylvio Goulart, Rufino Gomes, Amadeu Lanzeloti, Joaquim Linhares, José Basilio, Carlos and Antonio Fraga Moreira. The government's reaction was immediate and the demonstrators were arrested. In the 1940s, the federal government promoted the clearance of more than six thousand miles of rivers and built over 200 bridges in the Baixada Fluminense. The big growth for which he has spent Meriti federal Manuel Reis to propose the creation of the district of Caxias. On March 14, 1931, by act of the intervenor Plínio de Castro Casado, was created by State Decree No. 2559, the district of Caxias, based in Old Station, Meriti, then belonging to the municipality of Nova Iguaçu. December 31, 1943, through Decree-Law 1055, raised to the category of municipality receiving the name of Duque de Caxias. Already the district of Duque de Caxias was created by Decree-Law No. 1056 on the same day, month and year. With emancipation, the council received great encouragement in its economy. Several people, mainly from the Northeast of Brazil, came to Rio in search of work and established residence in Duque de Caxias. The Executive was officially installed on January 1, 1944, when the federal intervenor Ernani do Amaral Peixoto appointed to meet at the time of the municipal accounting Homero Lara. Other nine persons were subsequently appointed to the same office. The first was elected mayor of Glicério Gastão Gouveia Reis, who administered the city from September 1947 to December 1950. After him came also, by direct vote, respectively Braulino Reis de Matos, Francisco Correa, Adolpho David, Joaquin Tenorio Cavalcante and Moacir Rodrigues do Carmo. The elections were interrupted with decretação of Duque de Caxias and National Security Area by the military regime in 1971 and took office the mayor Estácio Francisco da Silva. From there, sometimes against the wishes of the political and popular leaders of the region, mayors were elected by the military dictatorship called the General Marciano Carlos de Medeiros, the colonels Renato Moreira da Fonseca, Americo Gomes de Barros Filho and former Deputy Hydekel de Freitas Lima. The city won, after much movement of political leaders, business, unions and community, its autonomy in 1985 and was elected that year onwards Juberlan de Oliveira, Hydekel Lima de Freitas (in 1990 left the post to take a seat on Senate), José Carlos Lacerda (vice mayor of Hydekel, took office after his resignation), Moacyr Rodrigues do Carmo, José Camilo Zito dos Santos Filho and Washington Reis de Oliveira, and the last returned to the mayoralty in 2009. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|